Asbestos is a naturally occurring silicate mineral that consists of thin, fibrous crystals. Asbestos has been widely used in the UK and many other countries for its heat resistant, insulating, and strengthening properties in a variety of materials, such as cement, pipes, tiles, panels, roofing, and insulation. However, due to its fine and durable fibers that can be inhaled, asbestos has been recognized as a major health hazard since the mid-20th century.

When asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) are disturbed or damaged, they can release tiny asbestos fibers into the air, which can be easily breathed into the lungs and accumulate over time, leading to tissue damage, inflammation, scarring, and cancer. According to the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE), asbestos related diseases (ARDs) cause around 5,000 deaths per year in the UK and are responsible for more work-related deaths than any other single cause.