Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral that was once commonly used in building materials due to its fire resistance and durability. However, it wasn't until the late 20th century that the dangers of asbestos exposure became widely recognized. Asbestos fibers, when inhaled, can cause serious lung diseases such as asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma, even in small doses.

Asbestos was banned in the UK in 1999, but many buildings constructed before this time may contain asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) such as insulation, flooring, ceiling tiles, and roofing. If these materials are disturbed or damaged, asbestos fibers may be released into the air, where they can be inhaled by occupants and pose serious health risks.